Wednesday, March 21, 2012
Industral Revolution
started in the 1600 in England. Scottland, Ireland, and England made up the British isle.Citizens were subsistiance farmers, or someone who grows crops for there family.In the later 1600, the inclosure movment happened. The enclosure movment involed enclosed pubilc lands so farmers had to ask permission to use the land. They gave the land of small farm owners to larger farm owners. The farms who lost there land moved to cities. People moving to the cities makes inndustries larger. Farmers are looking for better ways to farm so people are coming up with inventions. Jethro Tall thought that when people were seeding there lands for crops that alot of seeds were getting waste so he invented the seed drill. What it did was help farms plant in straight rows which made harrvesting easier. Charles Townson copied a dutch idea called crops rotations, which means you move where you plants the seeds. By rotating the crops it helps the soil restore the nutrint that the crops need. Cities are overpopulated and natural resources are high, the two main one, iron and coal. Theres also alot of cotton. Reasons it started in Great Britin, land, work laber, and natural resources. Also has a lager number of river, alot of water. Transportation, food, and power. Also a disadvange of water power, floods and droughts. Not all cities had rivers running through them either. Textstyle Industries, machenics, cloths. First having to make things by hand but new inventions were helping. Textstyle industry still use water power. One of the first factory was a cotton and silk factories. Efficance is going through the roof. Now with steam engines transportation is improving. With this speed and comunications are improving.
Wednesday, March 14, 2012
His translation of the Bible also helped to develop a standard version of the German language and added several principles to the art of translation. Luther's hymns sparked the development of congregational singing in Christianity. His marriage, on June 13, 1525, to Katharina von Bora, a former nun, began the tradition of clerical marriage within several Christian traditions. According to his father's wishes, Martin enrolled in the law school of that university. All that changed during a thunderstorm in the summer of 1505. A lightening bolt struck near to him as he was returning to school. Terrified, he cried out, "Help, St. Anne! I'll become a monk!" Spared of his life, but regretting his words, Luther kept his bargain, dropped out of law school and entered the monastery there.
The demands of study for academic degrees and preparation for delivering lectures drove Martin Luther to study the Scriptures in depth. Luther immersed himself in the teachings of the Scripture and the early church. Slowly, terms like penance and righteousness took on new meaning. The controversy that broke loose with the publication of his 95 Theses placed even more pressure on the reformer to study the Bible. This study convinced him that the Church had lost sight of several central truths. To Luther, the most important of these was the doctrine that brought him peace with God.
With joy, Luther now believed and taught that salvation is a gift of God's grace, received by faith and trust in God's promise to forgive sins for the sake of Christ's death on the cross. This, he believed was God's work from beginning to end
Luther's Protestant views were condemned as heretical by Pope Leo X in the bull Exsurge Domine in 1520. Consequently Luther was summoned to either renounce or reaffirm them at the Diet of Worms on 17 April 1521. When he appeared before the assembly, Johann von Eck, by then assistant to the Archbishop of Trier, acted as spokesman for Emperor Charles the Fifth. He presented Luther with a table filled with copies of his writings. Eck asked Luther if he still believed what these works taught. He requested time to think about his answer. Granted an extension, Luther prayed, consulted with friends and mediators and presented himself before the Diet the next day.
Luther had powerful friends among the princes of Germany, one of whom was his own prince, Frederick the Wise, Elector of Saxony. The prince arranged for Luther to be seized on his way from the Diet by a company of masked horsemen, who carried him to the castle of the Wartburg, where he was kept about a year. He grew a wide flaring beard; took on the garb of a knight and assumed the pseudonym Jörg. During this period of forced sojourn in the world, Luther was still hard at work upon his celebrated translation of the Bible, though he couldn't rely on the isolation of a monastery. During his translation, Luther would make forays into the nearby towns and markets to listen to people speak, so that he could put his translation of the Bible into the language of the people.
Although his stay at the Wartburg kept Luther hidden from public view, Luther often received letters from his friends and allies, asking for his views and advice. For example, Luther’s closest friend, Philipp Melanchthon, wrote to him and asked how to answer the charge that the reformers neglected pilgrimages, fasts and other traditional forms of piety. Luther's replied: "If you are a preacher of mercy, do not preach an imaginary but the true mercy. If the mercy is true, you must therefore bear the true, not an imaginary sin. God does not save those who are only imaginary sinners. Be a sinner, and let your sins be strong, but let your trust in Christ be stronger, and rejoice in Christ who is the victor over sin, death, and the world. We will commit sins while we are here, for this life is not a place where justice resides. We, however, says Peter (2. Peter 3:13) are looking forward to a new heaven and a new earth where justice will reign." [Letter 99.13, To Philipp Melanchthon, 1 August 1521.]
Luther also wrote the bible in german.
The demands of study for academic degrees and preparation for delivering lectures drove Martin Luther to study the Scriptures in depth. Luther immersed himself in the teachings of the Scripture and the early church. Slowly, terms like penance and righteousness took on new meaning. The controversy that broke loose with the publication of his 95 Theses placed even more pressure on the reformer to study the Bible. This study convinced him that the Church had lost sight of several central truths. To Luther, the most important of these was the doctrine that brought him peace with God.
With joy, Luther now believed and taught that salvation is a gift of God's grace, received by faith and trust in God's promise to forgive sins for the sake of Christ's death on the cross. This, he believed was God's work from beginning to end
Luther's Protestant views were condemned as heretical by Pope Leo X in the bull Exsurge Domine in 1520. Consequently Luther was summoned to either renounce or reaffirm them at the Diet of Worms on 17 April 1521. When he appeared before the assembly, Johann von Eck, by then assistant to the Archbishop of Trier, acted as spokesman for Emperor Charles the Fifth. He presented Luther with a table filled with copies of his writings. Eck asked Luther if he still believed what these works taught. He requested time to think about his answer. Granted an extension, Luther prayed, consulted with friends and mediators and presented himself before the Diet the next day.
Luther had powerful friends among the princes of Germany, one of whom was his own prince, Frederick the Wise, Elector of Saxony. The prince arranged for Luther to be seized on his way from the Diet by a company of masked horsemen, who carried him to the castle of the Wartburg, where he was kept about a year. He grew a wide flaring beard; took on the garb of a knight and assumed the pseudonym Jörg. During this period of forced sojourn in the world, Luther was still hard at work upon his celebrated translation of the Bible, though he couldn't rely on the isolation of a monastery. During his translation, Luther would make forays into the nearby towns and markets to listen to people speak, so that he could put his translation of the Bible into the language of the people.
Although his stay at the Wartburg kept Luther hidden from public view, Luther often received letters from his friends and allies, asking for his views and advice. For example, Luther’s closest friend, Philipp Melanchthon, wrote to him and asked how to answer the charge that the reformers neglected pilgrimages, fasts and other traditional forms of piety. Luther's replied: "If you are a preacher of mercy, do not preach an imaginary but the true mercy. If the mercy is true, you must therefore bear the true, not an imaginary sin. God does not save those who are only imaginary sinners. Be a sinner, and let your sins be strong, but let your trust in Christ be stronger, and rejoice in Christ who is the victor over sin, death, and the world. We will commit sins while we are here, for this life is not a place where justice resides. We, however, says Peter (2. Peter 3:13) are looking forward to a new heaven and a new earth where justice will reign." [Letter 99.13, To Philipp Melanchthon, 1 August 1521.]
Luther also wrote the bible in german.
Tuesday, March 6, 2012
notes
1.Catholic Church had lost sight if a spiritual mission.
2.The Popes didn't set an example of moral leadership.
3.The priest engaged in misconduct.
4.The church became interested in income not saving souls.
5.There is not central government in Germany (which ment no control over religious ideas or panpel abuses)
6.Tetzel began selling indulgences.
Martin Luther was a monk.
He believed in the justification by faith.
He writes the 95 thesis, takes the documents and nails them to the church door in wittenburg.
Martin Luther is banned from the Cathloic church.
7.Luther was sommoned to appear infront of the imperial diet (meeting of the Catholic church in worms)
8.Luther is comanded to abandon his ideas, he refuses.
9.Luther is banished from the empire, his works are banned.
10.Luther translates the bibble into German.
11.Luthers works and ideas continue to spread.
12.Luther establemshes the 1st protestant church.
13.The first denomonation was Luthernism.
2.The Popes didn't set an example of moral leadership.
3.The priest engaged in misconduct.
4.The church became interested in income not saving souls.
5.There is not central government in Germany (which ment no control over religious ideas or panpel abuses)
6.Tetzel began selling indulgences.
Martin Luther was a monk.
He believed in the justification by faith.
He writes the 95 thesis, takes the documents and nails them to the church door in wittenburg.
Martin Luther is banned from the Cathloic church.
7.Luther was sommoned to appear infront of the imperial diet (meeting of the Catholic church in worms)
8.Luther is comanded to abandon his ideas, he refuses.
9.Luther is banished from the empire, his works are banned.
10.Luther translates the bibble into German.
11.Luthers works and ideas continue to spread.
12.Luther establemshes the 1st protestant church.
13.The first denomonation was Luthernism.
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